Q.What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of secularism
How to approach: Identify every sub-question in the prompt, allocate dedicated sub-headings to each part, substantiate points with examples/data, and conclude with a forward-looking Way Forward.
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Introduction
Secularism means separation of religion from political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of life, religion being treated as a purely personal matter. Yet in the Indian context, secularism has been seen as a positive concept, trying to ensure religiousness and secularism together like the spirit of Sarva Dharma Sambhava.
Body Analysis
Challenges to Culture from Narrow Perceptions of Secularism
graph TD
SIC["Secularism's Impact on Culture"] --> EI["Erosion of Institutions"]
SIC --> MIS["Misinterpretation of Secularism"]
SIC --> FR["Festival Restrictions"]
SIC --> UP["Uniform Policies"]
SIC --> PSL["Public Space Limitations"]1. Challenges Posed by Misguided Perceptions
- Equating Religiousness with Fundamentalism: The perception that religiousness is anti-secular and pro-fundamentalist discourages various religious practices like rituals, clothing, and thoughts. People who wear saffron dress, keep a beard, or wear a skull cap (Taqiyah) are sometimes unfairly labeled as fundamentalists.
- Equating Secularism with Atheism: Secularism is often equated to atheism and apostasy. Those who do not believe in God or abandon their religious beliefs are marked as secular. This thought is leading to a slow degradation of cultural practices.
- Restrictions on Food Choices: Some states, through following majoritarian religious sentiments, restrict the sale of beef, impacting the food culture of certain communities.
- Judiciopapism: Sometimes, the judiciary also takes a narrow glimpse of secularism and interferes in religious celebrations and practices. Example: Rajasthan High Court’s ban on Santhara and the Supreme Court’s ban on the sale of crackers on Diwali.
2. Challenges Due to the Rise of Constitutional Morality
Following are the grounds of objections to several cultural practices as considered by the judiciary:
- Right to Equality: The practice of triple talaq and the ban on the entry of women in the Sabarimala temple were declared unlawful by the Supreme Court. These decisions were made on account of gender inequality and gender exploitation inherent to these practices.
- Animal Rights: The Supreme Court banned the traditional practice of Jallikattu because of the cruelty to animals involved in the sport.
- Objection to Harmful Cultural Practices: The illegality of female genital mutilation (FGM) practices in the Dawoodi Bohra Community was brought into the limelight in 2018. The Centre and the Supreme Court are of the opinion to ban this practice in India.
Conclusion
Thus, it is obvious that while some of the challenges are the outcome of the misleading notion of secularism, others are due to the exploitative and discriminatory nature of cultural practices only. The solution lies in getting all stakeholders together over a common platform to discuss the challenges and to bring unanimity for preserving the cultural practices of our country.
Question Specifications, Marking Rubric & Syllabus Mapping
| Examination & Year | UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination 2019 (Question 3) |
|---|---|
| Paper & Syllabus Topic | General Studies Paper I — Heritage, History, Society & Geography → Indian Society, Diversity & Social Empowerment |
| Marks, Word Limit & Ideal Time | 10 Marks • 150 Words • Ideal Writing Time: 7–8 Minutes |
| Directive Word & Core Demand | Analytical / Multi-Dimensional: Address all explicit sub-parts of the question with balanced arguments, factual illustrations, and a solution-oriented conclusion. |
| Recommended Structure Split | Intro: ~20–25 Words • Body: ~100 Words (3–4 dimensions) • Conclusion: ~20–25 Words |
| AI Practice & Evaluation Tools | Upload Handwritten Answer for 3-Min Vision AI Evaluation | Generate Custom Answer & Mind Map |
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Frequently Asked Questions — UPSC Mains 2019 GS1 (Indian Society)
How should I structure the answer for this UPSC Mains 2019 GS Paper I question on Indian Society?
This 2019 GS Paper I question carries 10 marks with a 150-word limit and uses the "Analytical / Multi-Dimensional" directive. Identify every sub-question in the prompt, allocate dedicated sub-headings to each part, substantiate points with examples/data, and conclude with a forward-looking Way Forward. Follow the ideal word split (Intro: ~20–25 Words • Body: ~100 Words (3–4 dimensions) • Conclusion: ~20–25 Words) and aim to finish within 7–8 Minutes.
Which UPSC Mains syllabus topic does this 2019 question belong to?
This question is part of General Studies Paper I — Heritage, History, Society & Geography under the syllabus module "Indian Society, Diversity & Social Empowerment". You can explore all repeated questions from Indian Society in Acme AI's 3D PYQ Realm or filter all Indian Society PYQs on the Mains PYQ Directory.
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