Q.Why is India taking keen interest in the Arctic region? (150 Words, 10 Marks)

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Reasons for India's Interest in the Arctic Region

• Climate Change Links: Arctic warming directly influences global weather patterns, including the intensity and predictability of the Indian monsoon. Research at India's Himadri Station in Svalbard, Norway, focuses on these atmospheric connections.
• Global Climate Diplomacy: Active Arctic research strengthens India's voice in international climate negotiations and global environmental governance.
• Energy and Mineral Security: The Arctic holds massive untapped resources, including an estimated 90 billion barrels of undiscovered oil (USGS) and rare earth minerals, vital for India's green energy transition.
• New Maritime Routes: The opening of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) due to ice melt can reduce shipping distances between Asia and Europe by up to 40%, offering significant trade advantages.
• Geopolitical Balancing: India seeks to maintain a strategic presence in the region to balance the growing influence of other major powers like China and Russia.
• Scientific Collaboration: The National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) leads research on Arctic biodiversity and glaciology. India has also been an observer on the Arctic Council since 2013.
• Food and Water Security: Changes in the Arctic affect ocean currents, altering marine ecosystems and fisheries, which indirectly impact India's food security.

Recent Steps by India

• India's Arctic Policy (2022): A comprehensive framework focusing on science and research, economic cooperation, and capacity building.
• Himadri Research Station: India's dedicated research base in Svalbard, Norway, active since 2008.
• Bilateral & Multilateral Ties: Strengthening partnerships with Arctic nations like Russia and Norway.
• Polar Expeditions: Regular scientific missions organized by NCPOR to study polar dynamics.