gs2
150 Words10 Marks
Q.What can France learn from the Indian Constitution’s approach to secularism.
UPSC Mains 2019•Polity
Model Answer
View this Question In PYQ RealmSyllabus Point
- Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries.
Approach
- Introduction (Definition) (30-40 words): Define secularism and contrast the French model (laïcité) with the Indian model of principled distance.
- Body (Explanation) (80-90 words):
- Analyze the limitations and problems associated with French secularism.
- Detail the features of the Indian constitutional approach to secularism.
- Highlight specific lessons France can adopt from India.
- Conclusion (20 words): Conclude by emphasizing how India's inclusive model can help France address modern multicultural challenges.
Introduction
Secularism refers to the separation of religion from political affairs. While France follows a rigid model of laïcité—demanding a strict, water-tight separation between state and religion—the Indian Constitution practices a model of "principled distance," allowing equal respect and intervention in all religions.
Body
Problems with French Secularism (Laïcité)
- Marginalization of Minorities: The complete lack of state support and the ban on visible religious symbols (e.g., hijab and burkini bans) have created alienation and anxiety among minority communities.
- Individualistic Focus: The French model views liberty and equality strictly through an individual lens, leaving little room for community-based or minority rights.
- Neglect of Inter-Religious Equality: By focusing purely on preventing intra-religious domination (separating church from state), the model neglects issues of inter-religious harmony.
- No Scope for Reform: A strict wall of separation prevents the state from supporting progressive religious reforms.
The Indian Constitutional Approach
- Inclusive Rights: The Indian Constitution guarantees rights that allow diverse religious communities to thrive.
- Freedom of Conscience (Article 25): Every individual has the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate their faith.
- Collective Freedom (Article 26): Religious denominations are guaranteed the right to manage their own religious affairs.
- Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29 & 30): Minorities are empowered to preserve their distinct language, script, culture, and establish educational institutions.
Key Learnings for France
- Positive Engagement: Unlike the French model where minorities may feel targeted by laïcité, Indian secularism acts as a protective shield for minorities.
- State-Supported Education: While France bars financial aid to religious schools, India allows state assistance to minority institutions, fostering educational integration.
- Principled Intervention: The Indian state can intervene to curb social evils (e.g., untouchability, triple talaq) while respecting personal laws and religious symbols (e.g., allowing Sikhs to carry kripans).
Conclusion
To counter "secular fundamentalism," the Western focus on "uniformity over diversity" should be replaced by the Indian ethos of "Unity in Diversity," ensuring a more inclusive and harmonious society.
Previous QuestionImplementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based projects/programmes usually suffers in terms of certain vital factors. Identify these factors and suggest measures for their effective implementation.
Next QuestionWhat introduces friction into the ties between India and the United States is that Washington is still unable to find for India a position in its global strategy, which would satisfy India’s National self-esteem and ambitions” Explain with suitable examples.