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150 Words10 Marks
Q.Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance”. In this context suggest reforms in the Civil Service for strengthening democracy.
UPSC Mains 2020•Governance
Model Answer
View this Question In PYQ RealmApproach
- Introduction (30-40 words): Define institutional quality and explain how the efficiency of the civil services directly impacts economic performance and democratic governance.
Body (170-180 words)
- Highlight the core challenges currently faced by the Indian Civil Services (status quoist mindset, rule-book bureaucracy, political interference).
- Propose structural reforms (prompt service delivery, reducing discretion, enhancing accountability, and ethical training).
- Conclusion (30-40 words): Conclude with a strong summary statement on the necessity of civil service reforms to sustain democratic institutions.
Introduction
Institutional quality in a democratic setup determines how effectively government machinery upholds the rule of law, ensures social justice, and fosters economic growth. As the administrative backbone of the nation, the Civil Services are central to translating democratic ideals into economic outcomes.
Body
Challenges Faced by Civil Services in India
- Status Quoist Mindset: Civil servants often resist structural changes due to entrenched privileges. For instance, despite the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, democratic decentralization remains incomplete due to administrative reluctance to devolve power.
- Rule-Book Bureaucracy: An over-emphasis on rigid rules rather than outcomes leads to red-tapism, administrative delays, and a lack of responsiveness to citizen needs.
- Political Interference: Arbitrary transfers and political pressure often compromise administrative neutrality, leading to corruption and inefficient policy implementation.
Suggested Civil Services Reforms
- Prompt and Citizen-Centric Service Delivery: Simplify administrative processes, cut redundant red tape, and institutionalize participatory feedback mechanisms to ensure timely public service delivery.
- Reducing Discretion and Enhancing Accountability: Establish clear Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and transition to objective evaluation systems.
- Example: Expand the use of the SPARROW (Smart Performance Appraisal Report Recording Online Window) platform across all cadres.
- Benchmark Evaluations: Implement mechanisms for the compulsory retirement of non-performing officers based on periodic, objective reviews.
- Inculcating a Code of Ethics: As recommended by the 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC), formalize a strict Code of Ethics alongside the existing Code of Conduct to sensitize civil servants to public grievances.
Conclusion
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel famously referred to the civil services as the "steel frame" of India. However, without timely structural, technological, and ethical reforms, this frame risks corrosion, undermining both democratic strength and economic potential.