gs2
150 Words10 Marks
Q.Critically examine the role of WHO in providing global health security during the Covid-19 pandemic.
UPSC Mains 2020•International Relations
Model Answer
View this Question In PYQ RealmIntroduction
The World Health Organization (WHO) is the premier United Nations agency tasked with directing and coordinating international public health efforts, including pandemic preparedness, surveillance, and global health security.
Body
Role During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Guidelines & Standards: Issued timely technical guidance on testing, treatment, and containment strategies.
- Scientific Leadership: Served as a central repository for scientific data and research coordination.
- Global Initiatives: Co-launched the Solidarity Response Fund and the COVAX facility to ensure equitable vaccine distribution.
- Information Dissemination: Provided regular epidemiological updates to counter misinformation.
Criticisms & Challenges
- Perceived Lack of Independence: Faced allegations of yielding to Chinese political pressure, leading to delays in declaring a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
- Delayed Response: Slow verification of early transmission data delayed global containment measures.
- Structural & Financial Constraints: Highly dependent on voluntary, earmarked contributions, which limits operational autonomy. The temporary withdrawal of the US further strained its resources.
Way Forward
- Funding Reforms: Increase assessed (mandatory) contributions to reduce reliance on donor-driven agendas.
- Enhanced Mandate: Empower the WHO with independent inspection and data-verification authority.
- Accountability: Establish transparent, independent audit mechanisms for pandemic responses.
Conclusion
While the WHO played an indispensable coordinating role during COVID-19, its structural, financial, and political vulnerabilities highlighted the urgent need for comprehensive reforms to safeguard future global health security.
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