Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
Ready to check the official UPSC Answer Key?
Click any option above to test yourself under exam conditions, or reveal the explanation directly.
Correct Answer: Option (D) — 1 and 3
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is correct: Under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (as originally enacted), the Chairperson had to be a retired Chief Justice of India (amended in 2019 to include a retired SC Judge as well).
Statement 2 is incorrect: The creation of State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs) is optional for state governments under Section 21; it does not automatically exist in every state.
Statement 3 is correct: The powers and recommendations of the NHRC are advisory and recommendatory in nature; it does not have the power to penalize directly.
Statement 4 is incorrect: Under the 1993 Act, there was no mandatory statutory requirement for a woman member (this was introduced via the 2019 amendment requiring at least one woman member).
Practice Full-Length & Sectional Prelims Mocks on this Interface
50 simulated tests in the APT Prelims Test Series (₹1,493) or 1-on-1 Mentorship with Avinash Sir.