Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (D) — 1, 2 and 3
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference Verified• Statement 1 is correct: The Himalayas act as an effective climatic barrier preventing cold polar/Siberian air masses from sweeping into north India. • Statement 2 is correct: The perennial Himalayan rivers carrying heavy sediment loads formed the deep alluvial deposits of the Indo-Gangetic plain through deposition over millions of years. • Statement 3 is correct: The Himalayas obstruct and direct the south-west monsoon winds causing widespread orographic precipitation across the subcontinent; without them, the monsoon winds would escape into Central Asia.
The Himalayas fundamentally determine India's climate (cold protection and monsoon entrapment) and physical geography (alluvium). Hence all statements are logically sound.
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