Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (D) — Neither 1 nor 2
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is incorrect: Jagirdars were allocated revenue collection rights over a designated territory (jagir) primarily in lieu of cash salary for maintaining military contingents (mansabdars) and performing administrative tasks. Zamindars were local hereditary intermediaries who held proprietary rights and often had judicial, police, and law-and-order obligations within their jurisdictions. Statement 2 is incorrect: Jagirs were strictly non-hereditary and frequently transferred from one region to another to prevent local power bases. Conversely, Zamindari rights were hereditary and rooted in ancestral land claims.
Extreme qualifiers like 'without obligation to perform any duty other than...' often indicate an incorrect statement. Additionally, distinguishing between temporary/transferable state appointments (Jagirdars) and permanent/hereditary local landed elites (Zamindars) quickly eliminates both options.
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