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Question No. 64Interactive Test Mode
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Q64. With reference to the history of ancient India, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. Mitakshara was the civil law for upper castes and Dayabhaga was the civil law for lower castes. 2. In the Mitakshara system, the sons can claim right to the property during the lifetime of the father, whereas in the Dayabhaga system, it is only after the death of the father that the sons can claim right to the property. 3. The Mitakshara system deals with the matters related to the property held by male members only of a family, whereas the Dayabhaga system deals with the matters related to the property held by both male and female members of a family. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

With reference to the history of ancient India, which of the following statements is/are correct?

  1. Mitakshara was the civil law for upper castes and Dayabhaga was the civil law for lower castes.
  2. In the Mitakshara system, the sons can claim right to the property during the lifetime of the father, whereas in the Dayabhaga system, it is only after the death of the father that the sons can claim right to the property.
  3. The Mitakshara system deals with the matters related to the property held by male members only of a family, whereas the Dayabhaga system deals with the matters related to the property held by both male and female members of a family. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Select the correct option below (or cross out options to eliminate)

Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution

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Official UPSC Answer KeyUPSC Prelims 2021 • Ancient History

Correct Answer: Option (B) — 2 only

Concept & Option Breakdown

Standard Reference Verified
  • Statement 1 is incorrect: The distinction between Mitakshara (written by Vijnanesvara) and Dayabhaga (written by Jimutavahana) is geographical, not caste-based. Mitakshara applied across most of India, while Dayabhaga prevailed in Bengal and Assam.
  • Statement 2 is correct: Under Mitakshara, coparcenary right in ancestral property is acquired by birth (meaning sons acquire rights during the father's lifetime). Under Dayabhaga, rights arise only upon the death of the last owner (the father).
  • Statement 3 is incorrect: Neither system dealt with property exclusively held by males; both systems addressed Stridhana and women's succession under specific circumstances.
Elimination Heuristic & Exam Approach

Statements 1 and 3 create artificial rigid binaries ('upper vs lower caste' and 'males only vs both'). Traditional Hindu legal treatises were regionally differentiated rather than segregated by caste civil codes.

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Question Specifications & Syllabus Mapping

Examination & YearUPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2021 (Q64)
Paper & Marking SchemeGS Paper I • 2 Marks (-0.66 Negative for incorrect response)
Syllabus Subject & TopicAncient History → South Indian Kingdoms
Official Answer KeyOption (B) — 2 only

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Frequently Asked Questions — UPSC Prelims 2021 Q64

What is the official answer for UPSC Prelims 2021 GS Paper I Question 64 (Ancient History)?

The official UPSC answer key for this 2021 Ancient History (South Indian Kingdoms) question is Option (B): "2 only". Correct attempts carry 2 Marks with -0.66 Negative penalty for wrong answers.

Which UPSC Prelims syllabus topic does this 2021 question belong to?

This question belongs to GS Paper I under the subject "Ancient History" and micro-topic "South Indian Kingdoms". You can explore all repeated questions from South Indian Kingdoms in Acme AI's 3D Prelims PYQ Realm or practice 50 full-length and sectional tests in the APT Prelims Test Series.

How can I solve this South Indian Kingdoms UPSC Prelims question using option elimination?

Statements 1 and 3 create artificial rigid binaries ('upper vs lower caste' and 'males only vs both'). Traditional Hindu legal treatises were regionally differentiated rather than segregated by caste civil codes.

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