Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (C) — 2 and 4 only
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is incorrect: The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air is a supplementary protocol to UNTOC (Palermo Convention), not UNCAC.
Statement 2 is correct: UNCAC (adopted in 2003) is the only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Asset recovery as a dedicated chapter is the hallmark of UNCAC (Chapter V), not UNTOC.
Statement 4 is correct: UNODC serves as the guardian and secretariat for the implementation of both UNCAC and UNTOC.
Notice the interchanged features: migrant smuggling belongs to Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), whereas asset recovery belongs to Anti-Corruption (UNCAC).
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