Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (A) — 1 only
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is correct: During the early medieval period, the absorption of Buddha into the Brahmanical/Vaishnavite pantheon as the 9th avatar of Vishnu assimilated Buddhist philosophy and followers into mainstream Hinduism, contributing to the institutional decline of Buddhism.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Most invading Central Asian groups (such as the Indo-Greeks, Sakas, and Kushanas) actively embraced and patronized Buddhism rather than persecuting it.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Gupta rulers were generally tolerant towards Buddhism; several Buddhist establishments, including the Nalanda Mahavihara, flourished under Gupta royal patronage.
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