Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (C) — 2 and 3
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is incorrect: Vardhamana Mahavira's mother, Trishala, was the sister (not the daughter) of Chetaka, the head of the Lichchhavi republic.
Statement 2 is correct: Gautama Buddha's mother, Mahamaya, belonged to the Koliyan clan/Koshalan dynasty.
Statement 3 is correct: Parshvanatha, the 23rd Jain Tirthankara, was born to King Ashvasena and Queen Vama in Varanasi (Benaras).
Be vigilant of subtle relational errors in UPSC statements: Trishala was Chetaka's sister, not daughter.
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