Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (B) — 2 and 3 only
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedAccording to Kautilya's Arthashastra: • Statement 1: While individuals could become slaves (dasa) under various conditions (capture in war, debt, sale), Kautilya provided special exemptions for free Arya men. • Statement 2 is correct: If a female slave gave birth to a child fathered by her master, both the mother and the child were legally freed. • Statement 3 is correct: A son fathered by the master on a female slave was entitled to the legal status and inheritance rights of the master's legitimate offspring. (Note: UPSC official answer key accepted option B).
The Arthashastra has extensive progressive legal protections for enslaved women and their children, securing their freedom and inheritance rights.
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