Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
Ready to check the official UPSC Answer Key?
Click any option above to test yourself under exam conditions, or reveal the explanation directly.
Correct Answer: Option (C) — 1, 3 and 4 only
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is correct: Visible Light Communication (VLC) operates within the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, which corresponds to wavelengths between approximately 375 nm (violet) and 780 nm (red).
Statement 2 is incorrect: VLC is inherently a short-range, line-of-sight communication technology because visible light cannot penetrate opaque physical barriers (like walls) and attenuates rapidly over distance.
Statement 3 is correct: VLC (such as Li-Fi) modulates light at very high frequencies, achieving data transmission rates reaching multiple gigabits per second (Gbps), far exceeding standard Bluetooth data transfer rates.
Statement 4 is correct: Because VLC uses light waves rather than radio frequencies, it generates and experiences zero radio-frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI), making it safe for use in EMI-sensitive environments like aircraft cabins and hospital operating rooms.
Light cannot pass through walls or cover long terrestrial distances like radio waves. Recognizing that VLC is short-range immediately eliminates Statement 2, leading directly to (C).
Practice Full-Length & Sectional Prelims Mocks on this Interface
50 simulated tests in the APT Prelims Test Series (₹1,493) or 1-on-1 Mentorship with Avinash Sir.