Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (D) — Neither 1 nor 2
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is incorrect: The decomposition in Indian Railways' bio-toilets uses an anaerobic bacterial consortium (developed by DRDO-DRDE, Gwalior), not a fungal inoculum. Statement 2 is incorrect: In anaerobic digestion, the primary end products are biogas (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) and treated effluent/water, with only negligible trace emissions. They are not limited strictly to ammonia and water vapour.
Look out for the limiting word 'only' in statement 2, which frequently indicates an incorrect factual assertion in science/technology questions.
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