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Question No. 174Interactive Test Mode
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Q174. With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider the following statements: 1. The decomposition of human waste in the bio-toilets is initiated by a fungal inoculum. 2. Ammonia and water vapour are the only end products in this decomposition which are released into the atmosphere. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, consider the following statements:

  1. The decomposition of human waste in the bio-toilets is initiated by a fungal inoculum.
  2. Ammonia and water vapour are the only end products in this decomposition which are released into the atmosphere. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Select the correct option below (or cross out options to eliminate)

Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution

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Click any option above to test yourself under exam conditions, or reveal the explanation directly.

Official UPSC Answer KeyUPSC Prelims 2015 • International Relations and Current Affairs

Correct Answer: Option (D) — Neither 1 nor 2

Concept & Option Breakdown

Standard Reference Verified

Statement 1 is incorrect: The decomposition in Indian Railways' bio-toilets uses an anaerobic bacterial consortium (developed by DRDO-DRDE, Gwalior), not a fungal inoculum. Statement 2 is incorrect: In anaerobic digestion, the primary end products are biogas (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) and treated effluent/water, with only negligible trace emissions. They are not limited strictly to ammonia and water vapour.

Elimination Heuristic & Exam Approach

Look out for the limiting word 'only' in statement 2, which frequently indicates an incorrect factual assertion in science/technology questions.

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Question Specifications & Syllabus Mapping

Examination & YearUPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2015 (Q174)
Paper & Marking SchemeGS Paper I • 2 Marks (-0.66 Negative for incorrect response)
Syllabus Subject & TopicInternational Relations and Current Affairs → Current Events
Official Answer KeyOption (D) — Neither 1 nor 2

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Frequently Asked Questions — UPSC Prelims 2015 Q174

What is the official answer for UPSC Prelims 2015 GS Paper I Question 174 (International Relations and Current Affairs)?

The official UPSC answer key for this 2015 International Relations and Current Affairs (Current Events) question is Option (D): "Neither 1 nor 2". Correct attempts carry 2 Marks with -0.66 Negative penalty for wrong answers.

Which UPSC Prelims syllabus topic does this 2015 question belong to?

This question belongs to GS Paper I under the subject "International Relations and Current Affairs" and micro-topic "Current Events". You can explore all repeated questions from Current Events in Acme AI's 3D Prelims PYQ Realm or practice 50 full-length and sectional tests in the APT Prelims Test Series.

How can I solve this Current Events UPSC Prelims question using option elimination?

Look out for the limiting word 'only' in statement 2, which frequently indicates an incorrect factual assertion in science/technology questions.

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