Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (C) — Both 1 and 2
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is correct: Flooded paddy fields restrict oxygen diffusion into the soil, creating anaerobic environments where methanogenic bacteria decompose organic matter and emit methane (CH4). Statement 2 is correct: Application of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers promotes nitrification and denitrification microbial processes in the soil, resulting in emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), another potent greenhouse gas.
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