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Question No. 211Interactive Test Mode
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Q211. A layer in the Earth’s atmosphere called Ionosphere facilitates radio communication. Why? 1. The presence of ozone causes the reflection of radio waves to Earth. 2. Radio waves have a very long wavelength. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A layer in the Earth’s atmosphere called Ionosphere facilitates radio communication. Why?

  1. The presence of ozone causes the reflection of radio waves to Earth.
  2. Radio waves have a very long wavelength. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Select the correct option below (or cross out options to eliminate)

Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution

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Click any option above to test yourself under exam conditions, or reveal the explanation directly.

Official UPSC Answer KeyUPSC Prelims 2011 • Science and Technology

Correct Answer: Option (D) — Neither 1 nor 2

Concept & Option Breakdown

Standard Reference Verified

Statement 1 is incorrect: Total internal reflection and refraction of skywaves are caused by ionized free electrons and ions in the ionosphere, not ozone (ozone resides in the stratosphere). Statement 2 is incorrect: Radio waves span an extremely broad spectrum from Extremely Low Frequency (ELF, wavelengths of thousands of kilometers) to High Frequency (HF) and Extremely High Frequency (EHF, millimetric wavelengths). Skywave ionospheric reflection specifically utilizes High Frequency (HF, shortwave) bands, not solely because they 'have a very long wavelength'. Neither statement is the correct causal explanation.

Elimination Heuristic & Exam Approach

Ozone is in the stratosphere, not ionosphere (eliminates 1). Radio reflection depends on ionization and plasma frequency, not just having long wavelengths (eliminates 2).

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Question Specifications & Syllabus Mapping

Examination & YearUPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2011 (Q211)
Paper & Marking SchemeGS Paper I • 2 Marks (-0.66 Negative for incorrect response)
Syllabus Subject & TopicScience and Technology → Health & Medicine
Official Answer KeyOption (D) — Neither 1 nor 2

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Frequently Asked Questions — UPSC Prelims 2011 Q211

What is the official answer for UPSC Prelims 2011 GS Paper I Question 211 (Science and Technology)?

The official UPSC answer key for this 2011 Science and Technology (Health & Medicine) question is Option (D): "Neither 1 nor 2". Correct attempts carry 2 Marks with -0.66 Negative penalty for wrong answers.

Which UPSC Prelims syllabus topic does this 2011 question belong to?

This question belongs to GS Paper I under the subject "Science and Technology" and micro-topic "Health & Medicine". You can explore all repeated questions from Health & Medicine in Acme AI's 3D Prelims PYQ Realm or practice 50 full-length and sectional tests in the APT Prelims Test Series.

How can I solve this Health & Medicine UPSC Prelims question using option elimination?

Ozone is in the stratosphere, not ionosphere (eliminates 1). Radio reflection depends on ionization and plasma frequency, not just having long wavelengths (eliminates 2).

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