Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (D) — 2 and 3
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is incorrect: Nanoparticles occur naturally in the environment via volcanic ash, forest fires, mineral dust, ocean spray, and biological organisms. Statement 2 is correct: Metal oxide nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are widely used in sunscreens, cosmetics, and lotions for UV protection and transparency. Statement 3 is correct: Engineered nanoparticles entering environmental pathways (water, soil, air) can bioaccumulate, cross cellular barriers, and pose health risks via cytotoxicity and oxidative stress.
Statement 1 contains the extreme absolute 'do not exist in nature', while statements 2 and 3 use moderate qualifiers ('some'), making (d) the most probable answer.
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