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Question No. 169Interactive Test Mode
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Q169. Consider the following statements: 1. The Earth’s magnetic field has reversed every few hundred thousand years. 2. When the Earth was created more than 4000 million years ago, there was 54% oxygen and no carbon dioxide. 3. When living organisms originated, they modified the early atmosphere of the Earth. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:

  1. The Earth’s magnetic field has reversed every few hundred thousand years.
  2. When the Earth was created more than 4000 million years ago, there was 54% oxygen and no carbon dioxide.
  3. When living organisms originated, they modified the early atmosphere of the Earth. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Select the correct option below (or cross out options to eliminate)

Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution

Ready to check the official UPSC Answer Key?

Click any option above to test yourself under exam conditions, or reveal the explanation directly.

Official UPSC Answer KeyUPSC Prelims 2018 • Science and Technology

Correct Answer: Option (C) — 1 and 3 only

Concept & Option Breakdown

Standard Reference Verified

Statement 1 is correct: Geomagnetic reversals (pole reversals) occur irregularly over geologic time, averaging once every few hundred thousand years (approx. 200,000 to 300,000 years). Statement 2 is incorrect: The primordial atmosphere of the early Earth was reducing and largely devoid of free oxygen, composed mainly of water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, and ammonia. Statement 3 is correct: Photosynthetic organisms, particularly early cyanobacteria, produced free oxygen via oxygenic photosynthesis, leading to the Great Oxidation Event (~2.4 billion years ago) and drastically transforming Earth's atmosphere.

Elimination Heuristic & Exam Approach

Earth's early atmosphere was anoxic (oxygen-free). A statement stating 54% oxygen at Earth's formation contradicts fundamental planetary and evolutionary science.

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Question Specifications & Syllabus Mapping

Examination & YearUPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2018 (Q169)
Paper & Marking SchemeGS Paper I • 2 Marks (-0.66 Negative for incorrect response)
Syllabus Subject & TopicScience and Technology → Health & Medicine
Official Answer KeyOption (C) — 1 and 3 only

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Frequently Asked Questions — UPSC Prelims 2018 Q169

What is the official answer for UPSC Prelims 2018 GS Paper I Question 169 (Science and Technology)?

The official UPSC answer key for this 2018 Science and Technology (Health & Medicine) question is Option (C): "1 and 3 only". Correct attempts carry 2 Marks with -0.66 Negative penalty for wrong answers.

Which UPSC Prelims syllabus topic does this 2018 question belong to?

This question belongs to GS Paper I under the subject "Science and Technology" and micro-topic "Health & Medicine". You can explore all repeated questions from Health & Medicine in Acme AI's 3D Prelims PYQ Realm or practice 50 full-length and sectional tests in the APT Prelims Test Series.

How can I solve this Health & Medicine UPSC Prelims question using option elimination?

Earth's early atmosphere was anoxic (oxygenfree). A statement stating 54% oxygen at Earth's formation contradicts fundamental planetary and evolutionary science.

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