Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (C) — 1 and 3 only
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is correct: Geomagnetic reversals (pole reversals) occur irregularly over geologic time, averaging once every few hundred thousand years (approx. 200,000 to 300,000 years). Statement 2 is incorrect: The primordial atmosphere of the early Earth was reducing and largely devoid of free oxygen, composed mainly of water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, and ammonia. Statement 3 is correct: Photosynthetic organisms, particularly early cyanobacteria, produced free oxygen via oxygenic photosynthesis, leading to the Great Oxidation Event (~2.4 billion years ago) and drastically transforming Earth's atmosphere.
Earth's early atmosphere was anoxic (oxygen-free). A statement stating 54% oxygen at Earth's formation contradicts fundamental planetary and evolutionary science.
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