Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (C) — All three
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is correct: Hyperthermophilic archaea and bacteria (e.g., Pyrolobus fumarii, Methanopyrus kandleri) thrive at temperatures exceeding 100°C near deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Statement 2 is correct: Psychrophilic microorganisms (e.g., Colwellia, Planococcus) remain active in sub-zero environments such as polar ice and permafrost at temperatures below 0°C. Statement 3 is correct: Extreme acidophiles (e.g., Picrophilus oshimae, Ferroplasma acidarmanus) grow optimally at pH levels below 2 or 3.
Universal possibility rule: Statements using the non-committal qualifier 'Some' are almost invariably correct in biology due to the existence of extremophiles.
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