Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (C) — 2, 3 and 4
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedThe structure of the savanna biome is maintained primarily by three interacting ecological factors:
- Periodic/frequent fires (2) that suppress tree saplings;
- Browsing and grazing herbivores (3) that consume woody seedlings;
- Marked seasonal rainfall (4) with prolonged dry periods that favor drought-tolerant grasses over dense closed-canopy trees. Burrowing animals, termites, and local soil variations do not fundamentally maintain the savanna biome across continental scales.
Fire and grazing are classic, universally recognized ecological disturbances that prevent woody encroachment in grassland/savanna dynamics.
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