Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (D) — Neither 1 nor 2
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference Verified- Statement 1 is incorrect: Both El Niño and La Niña are phenomena of the equatorial Pacific Ocean (not the Indian Ocean). La Niña is characterized by unusually cold sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: La Niña generally has a strong positive effect on the Indian monsoon, often leading to normal to above-normal monsoon rainfall, while El Niño is associated with monsoon suppression and drought.
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