Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (D) — Neither 1 nor 2
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference Verified- Statement 1 is incorrect: High Courts have the power of judicial review under Article 226 and can examine the constitutional validity of both Central and State laws within their territorial jurisdiction. The restriction placed by the 42nd Amendment Act was repealed by the 43rd Amendment Act, 1977.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: A constitutional amendment can be challenged before the Supreme Court and struck down if it violates the 'Basic Structure' of the Constitution, as established in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).
Watch out for extreme blanket statements: 'No High Court shall...' is an extreme restriction inconsistent with India's integrated judicial system. Similarly, in India, virtually all legislative acts and constitutional amendments are subject to judicial review under the Basic Structure Doctrine.
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