Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (D) — 1, 2 and 3
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference Verified- Statement 1 is correct: In Jainism, severe austerities, asceticism, and penance (tapas) are considered essential to exhaust existing karma (Nirjara).
- Statement 2 is correct: Jainism adheres to panpsychism—believing that all entities, including rocks, water drops, fire, and wind, contain individual souls (jiva).
- Statement 3 is correct: Karma is conceived as physical matter (pudgala) that attaches to the soul and obscures its innate purity, making its ending essential for liberation (moksha).
All three statements encapsulate the fundamental tenets of Jain ontology and soteriology.
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