Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (A) — Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedAssertion (A) is true: Ashoka waged the Kalinga War (c. 261 BCE) and annexed Kalinga to the Mauryan Empire.
Reason (R) is true: Kalinga occupied a vital geographic position controlling both maritime trade networks with Southeast Asia and overland routes connecting northern India to southern India. Controlling these routes was the primary strategic motivation for its annexation. Thus, R correctly explains A.
Kalinga's strategic position across trade corridors provided the core economic and military rationale for the Mauryan conquest.
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