Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (D) — 1, 2 and 3
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedAll three conventions have direct or indirect bearings on biodiversity conservation:
- The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (2001) protects agricultural biodiversity and plant genetic resources.
- UNCCD (1994) combats land degradation and desertification, which is critical for preserving terrestrial habitats and species biodiversity.
- The UNESCO World Heritage Convention (1972) protects natural heritage sites of outstanding universal value, including critical habitats for threatened species and global biodiversity.
'Bearing on' is a very broad standard in UPSC questions. All environmental conventions dealing with plants, land, and natural heritage impact biodiversity.
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