Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (A) — 1, 2 and 4
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is correct: RNA interference (RNAi) uses small double-stranded RNA molecules (like siRNA or miRNA) to degrade target mRNA transcripts, thereby silencing specific gene expression. Statement 2 is correct: RNAi can target and downregulate oncogenes and genes responsible for tumor cell proliferation, drug resistance, and metastasis. Statement 3 is incorrect: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) involves supplementing deficient hormones directly, not suppressing gene expression via RNAi. Statement 4 is correct: RNAi is widely deployed in plant biotechnology to silence viral genes or host susceptibility factors, conferring viral resistance in crops (e.g., transgenic papaya against ringspot virus).
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