Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (B) — 2 and 3 only
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is incorrect: The International Seabed Authority (ISA), established under UNCLOS, is the body that organizes, regulates, and authorizes all mineral-related activities in the international seabed area.
Statement 2 is correct: India was granted exploration contracts by the ISA for polymetallic nodules in the Central Indian Ocean Basin and polymetallic sulphides in the Indian Ocean Ridge.
Statement 3 is correct: Seafloor deposits, including polymetallic nodules, crusts, and hydrothermal vents in international waters, contain significant concentrations of rare earth minerals and critical metals.
The Global Ocean Commission was an independent international non-governmental initiative; the regulatory mandate belongs to the International Seabed Authority (ISA).
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