Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (B) — 1 and 2 only
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is correct: Under Section 4(m)(iii) of PESA 1996, the Gram Sabha has the power to prevent alienation of land and restore unlawfully alienated land of Scheduled Tribes.
Statement 2 is correct: Under Section 4(m)(ii) of PESA 1996, the Gram Sabha/Panchayat is endowed with the ownership of minor forest produce.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Under Section 4(k) of PESA 1996, prior recommendation of the Gram Sabha is mandatory for prospecting licences or mining leases for minor minerals only, not for all minerals (major minerals are excluded).
Watch out for absolute words like 'any mineral'. Under PESA, the Gram Sabha's mandatory prior recommendation is limited to minor minerals.
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