Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (B) — 2 and 3 only
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is incorrect: According to the CGWB assessment data, around 17% of units are classified as 'overexploited' and 5% as 'critical' (totaling roughly 22%, not 36%).
Statement 2 is correct: The Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) was constituted under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to regulate and control groundwater development and management.
Statement 3 is correct: According to the FAO, India accounts for the largest area equipped for groundwater irrigation in the world (approx. 39 million hectares), exceeding China and the USA.
Specific numerical claims like '36% of India’s districts' are frequently tweaked and false in UPSC prelims.
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