Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (B) — 1 and 3
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference Verified- Statement 1 is correct: Adopted in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, the Kyoto Protocol officially entered into force on 16 February 2005 after ratification conditions were met.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The Kyoto Protocol targets greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate anthropogenic climate change. Ozone layer depletion is addressed by the 1987 Montreal Protocol.
- Statement 3 is correct: Methane (CH4) has a significantly higher Global Warming Potential (GWP) than CO2 (approx. 28–36 times over 100 years and ~84 times over 20 years), making it much more potent per unit mass.
Ozone depletion is governed by the Montreal Protocol, not Kyoto. Eliminating Statement 2 immediately eliminates option (a).
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