Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
Ready to check the official UPSC Answer Key?
Click any option above to test yourself under exam conditions, or reveal the explanation directly.
Correct Answer: Option (C) — Jainism enjoyed the patronage of the Kalinga king Kharavela in the first century BC.
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference Verified- Option (c) is correct: King Kharavela of Kalinga (1st century BCE), known from the Hathigumpha inscription, was a devoted patron of Jainism who excavated caves on Udayagiri hills for Jain monks.
- Option (a) is incorrect: Jainism spread to South India under Bhadrabahu, not Sthulabhadra (Sthalabahu).
- Option (b) is incorrect: Those under Sthulabhadra who stayed in the north became Svetambaras, while Bhadrabahu led the Digambara group south.
- Option (d) is incorrect: Early Jainism was strictly aniconic; image worship developed much later.
Hathigumpha inscription famously begins with a Jain salutation by King Kharavela of Kalinga.
Practice Full-Length & Sectional Prelims Mocks on this Interface
50 simulated tests in the APT Prelims Test Series (₹1,493) or 1-on-1 Mentorship with Avinash Sir.