Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (D) — A is false, but R is true.
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedAssertion (A) is false: Mars is further from the Sun than Earth, hence by Kepler's third law it takes longer to complete one orbit (about 687 Earth days compared to Earth's 365.25 days). Reason (R) is true: The diameter of Mars (~6,779 km) is indeed smaller than Earth's diameter (~12,742 km).
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