Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (D) — A is false but R is true
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedAssertion (A) is false: Mach 1 equals the speed of sound in the surrounding medium. Because air temperature at 15 km altitude is much lower than at sea level, the speed of sound is lower at high altitude. Thus, Mach 1 at 15 km represents a slower true airspeed than Mach 1 at sea level. Reason (R) is true: The speed of sound in an ideal gas is proportional to the square root of absolute temperature (v = √(γRT/M)), so it decreases as temperature drops.
Speed of sound in air is directly proportional to √T. Higher altitude = lower temperature = lower speed of sound, making Mach 1 slower at high altitudes.
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