Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (A) — 1, 2 and 3
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference Verified- 1, 2, and 3 are included: FCCBs and GDRs are equity-linked instruments that can be converted into equity shares, thereby constituting FDI. Under Indian regulations, if foreign portfolio/institutional investment (FII/FPI) in an Indian company exceeds 10% of the post-issue paid-up equity, it is reclassified as FDI.
- 4 is excluded: Non-Resident External (NRE) deposits are bank deposits and debt/portfolio flows, not direct equity or managerial ownership in enterprises, hence excluded from FDI.
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