Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (C) — 1 and 3
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 1 is correct: Central Bank purchase of securities infuses liquidity/cash into the banking system and the economy. Statement 2 is incorrect: Depositing currency into banks simply alters the composition of money (from currency in circulation to bank deposits) without directly expanding base money immediately. Statement 3 is correct: Direct government borrowing from the Central Bank (deficit financing/debt monetization) leads to creation of new base money and expands money supply. Statement 4 is incorrect: Sale of government securities absorbs liquidity from the public, contracting money supply.
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