Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (C) — 1 and 3 only
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference Verified- Statement 1 is correct: Animal excretion (urea) is converted by soil microbes into ammonia and nitrates, enriching soil nitrogen.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: Burning of coal releases nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon gases into the atmosphere as emissions; it does not directly add nitrogen to the soil.
- Statement 3 is correct: Decomposition of dead plant matter (vegetation) by microorganisms releases organic nitrogen back into the soil as mineralized ammonium/nitrates.
Coal combustion releases gases into the atmosphere (air pollution), not into the soil directly. Eliminating statement 2 immediately rules out B and D, leading directly to C.
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