Official Answer Key & Detailed Solution
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Correct Answer: Option (B) — 2 only
Concept & Option Breakdown
Standard Reference VerifiedStatement 2 is correct: The function of the central bank as the 'lender of last resort' specifically refers to providing emergency liquidity support to solvent commercial banks facing severe temporary liquidity shortages, thereby preventing systemic failure and panic.
Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect: The RBI does not directly lend to trade/industry bodies to replace market borrowings. Deficit financing for governments is part of debt/monetary management and Ways and Means Advances (WMA), not the emergency 'lender of last resort' facility.
'Lender of last resort' is strictly an emergency liquidity backstop for banking institutions to prevent bank runs, not for industry funding or government deficit financing.
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